Tag Archives: debit card processing

Industry Terms: Debit Cards

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This is the latest installment in The Official Merchant Services Blog’s Knowledge Base effort. Well we want to make the payment processing industry’s terms and buzzwords clear. We want to remove any and all confusion merchants might have about how the industry works. Host Merchant Services promises: the company delivers personal service and clarity. So we’re going to take some time to explain how everything works. This ongoing series is where we define industry related terms and slowly build up a knowledge base and as we get more and more of these completed, we’ll collect them in our resource archive for quick and easy access. Today’s term is Debit Cards.

Debit Cards

A debit card (also known as a bank card or check card) A debit card looks like a credit card but works like an electronic check. The thin plastic card that provides the cardholder electronic access to a bank account at a financial institution. Payments made with Debit Cards are deducted directly from that checking or savings account. If a cardholder uses a debit card at a retail store for example, the cardholder or the cashier can run the debit card card through a scanner — oftentimes the very same terminal credit card purchases are swiped through. This action enables the financial institution to verify electronically that the funds are available and approve the transaction. Most debit cards also can be used to withdraw cash at Automated Teller Machines (ATMs).

Unlike credit and charge cards, payments using a debit card are immediately transferred from the cardholder’s designated bank account. This difference is key in one sense, as it creates a completely different set of protocols and standards for debit transactions in the payment processing industry. This can be seen most recently in the Durbin Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act. The financial reform legislation set a hard cap on debit card swipe fees. But has absolutely no affect on credit card transactions.

For many consumers, the card they carry can be used as both a credit and a debit card when presenting it at a retail store for purchase or using it online. Oftentimes, a consumer is asked to choose between credit or debit.

For the consumer the distinction can have this impact:

  • The card’s individual rewards program can vary depending on debit or credit. In many cases, a credit transaction reaps greater points  or rewards from these types of programs.
  • A debit transaction can allow for cash back right at the point of sale.
  • A credit card transaction can have stronger protection. It takes time before it is “batched” out by the merchant. And the credit cards themselves have more fraud protection layers than debit cards typically have.

For the merchant and for the banks involved the impact is this:

  • The transaction network that the purchase is run through is separate for debit and credit.
  • The fees associated with the transaction are different. After Durbin, the fees face a hard cap ceiling on what the merchant can be charged. Credit has no such ceiling and so smaller transactions — say purchases under $10 — can end up costing a merchant a bit more in fees.

The distinction between credit and debit was stronger in the 1980s and 1990s, but it still exists. It’s worth knowing what your options are as both a consumer and a merchant.

Durbin Amendment Back In the News [2023 Update]

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The Official Merchant Services Blog returns to a topic that it covered thoroughly throughout 2011: The Durbin Amendment. With the Stop Online Piracy Act getting most of the headlines lately, Durbin Amendment’s continued impact on the payment processing industry has gone into stealth mode. Until today that is. Stick with us as we offer a whirlwind roundup of all things Durbin related.

Bank of America Took a Beating

We’ll start off our tour Durbin tidbits with this article by ABC News. Apparently Bank of America took a substantial hit from their plan to charge $5 per month to use debit cards. According to the article: “Bank of America’s failed plan to impose a $5 monthly debit card fee led to a 20 percent increase in closed accounts in the last three months of 2011 and a public relations headache.”

The article quotes Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan as saying, “yes, we had some impact from the $5 debit fee. That’s why we made a decision to reverse it.”

It wasn’t all bad news for Bank of America though, as the bank reported earnings of $2 billion in the last three months of 2011, up from a net loss of $1.2 billion in the same period a year ago, boosted in part from a one-time gain on the sale of China Construction Bank.

Small Lenders Strike it Big

The next little bit of Durbin aftermath comes from this article by NACS online. As was seen in the Host Merchant Services in-depth analysis of the legislation, The Durbin Amendment only applies to lending institutions with assets over $10 billion. Smaller banks and credit unions are exempt from the Durbin Amendment. As a result of being exempt, a Wall Street Journal report cited by the NACS article states that these institutions have been “collecting fees that are often three times those imposed on cards by large banks.” 

For comparison, the article says: “The WSJ notes that a $100 sweater purchased with a debit card would incur a fee of 95 cents on a card issued by a smaller bank and only 26 cents for those issued by big banks. “

The article also suggests that banks face further uncertainty by April 1, 2012, when “all U.S. banks and credit unions must offer retailers more choices of companies used to process debit card transactions, a move that is expected to lower interchange fees further.”

New Target: Credit Card Swipe Fees

Time Magazine Online Feature Moneyland reports something that Host Merchant Services has already touched on before in The Official Merchant Services Blog — that Credit Card Swipe Fees may be the next target of legislators and financial reform. From the Time article: “There’s another interchange fee fight in the offing — this time over credit cards. According to CNBC, equity analysts who cover the financial sector have expressed worry that ongoing litigation involving several major banks could lead to a cap of 0.5% on credit interchange fees — one-fourth of what’s currently charged — potentially dragging down bank earnings. If that happens, consumers who are used to generous credit card rewards programs complete with double miles, accelerated earnings, and big sign-up bonuses might get a rude awakening.”

The Official Merchant Services Blog on December 13, 2011 covered the topic of a Credit Card Swipe Fee. In that blog we wrote: “the plan would end up working much like the Durbin Amendment has worked. Where the idea of reform would get overshadowed by how banks and credit card companies reacted to the law. There would be some shifting, so in that sense the reform would cause change. But that eventually the burden for paying for any losses that banks and credit card companies get forced into through reform would end up squarely on the shoulders of the consumers.”

The Time article notes something that Host Merchant Services already pointed out regarding a Credit Card version of the Durbin Amendment — Banks would take another huge hit because Durbin has language that freed up banks and merchants to market and promote options to the consumer directly. In short, Durbin’s language freed merchants up to promote credit over debit. And because of that, a lot of merchants did just that as Banks offered new programs to make credit the more attractive choice. Subsequent changes that would now penalize Banks for doing that would create a lot of negative momentum for Banks and added onus for consumers who get stuck with no good choices overall.

New Hampshire Law

This article from credit.com reveals that one state legislature is already making moves to see a Credit Card Swipe Fee Cap become reality. As the article states: “A piece of legislation introduced in the New Hampshire House of Representatives, House Bill 1319, has drawn some attention for the way in which it would drastically alter the credit card landscape between businesses and payment processors. The law will limit the amount banks chartered within the state are able to charge businesses for processing credit card transactions to just 1 percent of the total purchase value.”

The article goes on to state that many businesses pay costs that range from 0.67 percent of the transaction’s value to 4.76 percent and that a MasterCard spokesperson told the Nashua Telegraph that the average 1.75 percent.

Cash Still Rules Everything Around Me

Our last news brief on the topic of the Durbin Amendment and swipe fee caps is a little different. This article from the Huffington Post shows a study that reveals cash is still king. The gist of the article: “More than three-quarters, or 79 percent, of consumers said they made a cash purchase in the last seven days, according to a report released on Tuesday from Javelin Strategy & Research, a market research group for financial services. Compare that to about 65 percent of credit and debit cardholders who say they swiped their plastic in the last week.”

The article suggests that this is a consumer reaction to card swipe fees. The article states that consumers are choosing to pay for items with cash to avoid fees on small, everyday purchases. The convenience of plastic gets overrun by the savings consumers perceive they get from going back to cold, hard cash. The study indicates that cash is replacing debit for small purchases, and credit is replacing debit for big purchases and the Durbin Amendment’s lasting legacy may simply be that it pushes Debit out of the consumer’s arsenal of payment options.

Merchant Services: Why You Need a Processor

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The Official Merchant Services Blog functions on the logical premise that our readers are interested in the topics we cover, most notably merchant services. We strive to bring you useful news, tips, and insight that can help you as both a merchant and a consumer. That means that sometimes we delve into complex topics, like our multipart series on Payment Gateways. And other times we tackle newsworthy topics, like Google+ being opened up for business pages.

But today we’re going to get down to the basics and discuss the very heart of merchant services: Credit Card Processing. Credit cards, the plastic payment solution has become the most convenient form of payment for countless consumers. Why is it important for merchants to give their customers the option to pay with a credit card –– specifically on that merchant’s web site? Here are 10 of the top reasons we think credit card processing is an important option for merchants:

  • Competitive Advantage: If your business has the most options and the most flexible payment systems, you have an edge over your competition.
  • More Sales: Data collected on consumers shows that credit card owners buy 25 times more merchandise than customers who pay cash.
  • Cashless Society: We’re not there yet, but the trend in online shopping and electronic payment systems indicates that credit card and debit card processing are quickly becoming the preferred methods of payment. This will take center stage in business news next week when Black Friday goes right up against Cyber Monday.
  • Convenience: One of the primary reasons credit and debit card transactions are becoming so popular is because buying goods online with just a few mouse clicks is extremely convenient to consumers.
  • Impulse Sales: Credit Cards give customers the freedom to buy on impulse, spending money on previously unplanned merchandise. Cash is finite and in the pocket. But plastic lets customers reach beyond what they have in hand.
  • Enhanced Advertising: Customers are more likely to shop at businesses that accept their credit card. As such, they tend to look for and read ads from businesses that accept their credit cards first over other ads.
  • Steadier Sales: Credit Card business has less peaks. Cash using consumers buy heavily on payday and just before holidays, but credit card using consumers make purchases whenever they need to.
  • Larger Volume: Accepting credit cards helps merchants attain higher unit sales and extra orders.
  • More Expensive Merchandise: Credit card customers are sometimes less conscious of slight price differences. They are more likely to spend a bit extra at a merchant simply because they accept their form of payment instead of seeking out wholesalers or discounters who do not accept their credit card.

We’re interested in your feedback. What other reasons would you add to this list?

Tips and Terms

Revenues generated by credit card use are fast approaching the $200 billion mark. Your business can benefit  by offering credit card payment processing. To understand the process better, we’re going to define some of the important terms involved in credit card processing and give some insight into how it all works:

Acquirer – a bank, which is often a 3rd party provider, who processes and settles merchant credit card payments.  This can be a bank providing your merchant account or a service that provides it to your processing company.  The acquirer works with the credit card issuer.

Authorization – is the first step that happens after the credit card is swiped.  The purchase and card information are sent to the acquirer who, in turn, sends the same information to the credit card issuer.  The credit card issuer then accepts or declines the transaction.  If accepted, an authorization code is generated and the purchase transaction is continues to the next step, namely: batching.

Batching – is the review process done by a merchant on all credit card transactions for the business day.  The review process involves ensuring all credit card transactions are authorized and signed by the cardholder.  After the review process, the merchant sends the information as a batch to the acquirer to receive clearing for payment.

Cardholder – he is the customer as specified on the credit card, the customer so to speak.

Card network – these are networks that act as an intermediary between the acquirer and the issuer.  Card networks transfer the information originating from the acquirer to the issuer about the purchase.  This happens in the authorization process.

Clearing – the third step in the payment process which happens after the acquirer sends the batch information through the card network to the issuing bank.  The card network acts as a router depending on the credit card issuer found on the purchase detail.  This process permits revenues for both the issuing bank and the card network called the interchange fee.  After deduction of interchange fees, the issuing bank sends the information back to the acquirer through the same card network used.

Discount fee – this fee is paid for by merchants to the acquirer to cover processing costs.

Funding – the fourth step in the credit card payment process.  This involves the acquirer sending back the transaction information to the merchant less the discount fee.  The merchant receives the remainder of the payment and is now considered paid.  This generates the cardholder’s billing statement and accounts are funded appropriately.

Interchange fee – the fee charged by card networks and card issuers to the merchants.  This fee is regulated to about 1 to 3 percent of the total purchase amount and covers the costs associated with credit card acceptance.

Issuer – the financial institution who issues credit card products to its customers.  Examples of major issuers include Discover, Amex, Visa and Mastercard.

A Step By Step Guide

And finally, to get an easy to read visual guide on how Credit Card Processing works, please visit the Host Merchant Services article archive here:

How Credit Card Processing Works

Why the Durbin Amendment Got it Right [2023 Update]

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The people in Washington aren’t exactly popular these days, and mostly for good reason.  Unemployment is high, the so-called economic recovery is weak, and small businesses are hurting.  However, another round of stimulus is on its way, and this time it might just work.  Even better, this stimulus comes at the expense of banks that got us into this mess to begin with. To be fair, there is plenty of blame to spread around but that is a topic for another day.  The Durbin Amendment went into effect October 1st, and many businesses will see a significant reduction in their monthly debit card processing fees.  This isn’t just for pin-based transactions, but applies to all Visa and Mastercard logo signature debit cards, as well as card-not-present debit card transactions via Internet and phone order.  On average, fees will be reduced by over 1% per transaction, resulting in a windfall for small business.

There are a lot of arguments against the Durbin Amendement.  I’ll outline and debunk the major ones here:

The savings will not get passed along to the merchants.

True, your merchant services company is not required to pass the savings along to you.  If you are on tiered pricing instead of Interchange plus, you aren’t going to receive the benefits.  But this is also creating a huge opportunity for merchant services companies like us to introduce customers to the benefits of our pricing model and to save them a very significant amount of money.  In short, if you’re merchant services company isn’t passing the savings along to you, it’s time to find a new merchant services company.

Merchants will not pass the savings along to their consumers.  

Again, true, but not necessarily the point.  In a free market, any time you create margin, you create opportunity.  Businesses all over the country are getting a little relief in their margins.  Some will choose to use that margin to compete on price.  Some will pocket the profits.  Many will use that extra profit to reinvest and grow their businesses through hiring and infrastructure enhancements.  No matter how you slice it, this is money directly to small business and that is great for the economy.

Banks will charge fees to offset the lost revenue.  

Sure, this is happening at some high profile institutions like Bank of America.  But other banks are also using it as an opportunity to lure you away.  Banks are limited by competition in terms of how much of the fee they can pass along to you before you bolt to a competitor.  That is the free market working the way it should.  When you take monopolistic fees like Interchange that are unavoidable to merchants and move them to the front of the transaction, consumers and small businesses ultimately win.  You now have the ability to shop for the best deal, where transaction costs were previously hidden and passed along in other ways.

Overall, the Durbin Amendment should provide a multi-billion dollar boost to small businesses everywhere, and the government didn’t have to shell out taxpayer dollars to make it happen.  Sure, it may be somewhat arbitrary, and too much regulation is never a good thing, but the card associations that impose Interchange fees operate as a cartel with monopolistic powers, so the government has a valuable role to play in the process.  We should all celebrate the Durbin Amendment and the tremendous benefits to small business.  If you’re not setup to take advantage of the savings, what are you waiting for?  Apply now!